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From The Encyclopaedia Britiannica, circa 1797 "...the first thing is to pass the steel through a
coal fire, and under a hammer, to bring it out of its square figure into
a cylindrical one. This done, it is drawn through a large hole of a wire
drawing iron, and returned into the fire, and drawn through a second hole
of the iron smaller than the first; and thus successively from hole to
hole,...observing every time it is to be drawn,that it be greased over
with lard, to render it more manageable. The steel...is cut in pieces
... These pieces are flattened at one end on the anvil, in order to form
the head and eye; they are then put into the fire; to soften them further;
and thence taken out and pierced at each extreme of the flat part on the
anvil , by force of the puncheon...The corners are then filed off the
square of the heads, and a little cavity filed on each side of the flat
of the head; this done,the point is formed with a file...; they are then
laid to heat red hot on a long narrow iron, crooked at one end, in a charcoal
fire; and when taken out thence, are thrown into a basin of cold water
to harden. On this operation a good deal depends; too much heat burns
them, and too little leaves them soft... When they are thus hardened,
they are laid in an iron shovel more or less brisk in proportion to the
thickness of the needles... This serves to temper them, and take off their
brittleness... Check out our English Sewing Needles. I hope the forging process has been streamlined a bit in 200 years.
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